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Mechanical properties of solids --- Dislocations in crystals --- Crystals, Dislocations in --- Dislocation theory --- Dislocations (Crystals) --- Crystallography --- Crystals --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Grain boundaries --- Plasticity --- Twinning (Crystallography) --- Dislocations dans les cristaux --- Dislocaties in kristallen.

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Complex fluids are substances that are neither really liquid nor really solid in the classical sense. They include polymers, colloids, emulsions, forms, gels, liquid crystals, surfacants, and other materials that form flowable microstructures. These substances are important in industries producing polymers, such as plastic packaging, colloids, such as paint, foods, such as ketchup, and consumer products, such as toothpaste or shampoo, as well as countless other products in the petroleum, microelectronics, pharmaceutical, and other industries. This textbook provide both an introduction to these fascinating and important substances and an up-to-date synopsis of the latest advances in understanding the relationship between their structure and flow properties. Similarities and differences among the various types of complex fluids are emphasized. The book is easy to read, lavishly illustrated, and filled with interesting problems, worked examples. and practical applications. With its "trunk and branch" organization of chapters, it is intended to be used as a textbook for a one or two semester graduate-level course in engineering, materials science, or physics, as a monography for academic and industrial researchers, or as a reference book for researchers and educators. [Publisher]

Complex fluids --- Rheology --- Fluides complexes --- Rhéologie --- Complex fluids. --- 532.54 --- Liquid motion in various systems --- Rheology. --- Basic Sciences. Chemistry --- Physical Chemistry --- Polymer Chemistry --- Polymer Chemistry. --- 532.54 Liquid motion in various systems --- Rhéologie --- Colloids --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Elasticity --- Plasticity --- Viscosity --- Complex liquids --- Fluids, Complex --- Amorphous substances --- Liquids --- Soft condensed matter --- Fluides complexes. --- Rhéologie. --- Fluid mechanics --- Macromolecules --- Chemistry

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Viscoelasticandtransportpropertiesofpolymersintheliquid(solution,melt)or liquid-like (rubber) state determine their processing and application to a large extent and are of basic physical interest [1—3]. An understanding of these dynamic properties at a molecular level, therefore, is of great importance. However,thisunderstandingiscomplicatedbythefactsthatdi?erentmotional processes may occur on di?erent length scales and that the dynamics are governed by universal chain properties as well as by the special chemical structure of the monomer units [4,5]. The earliest and simplest approach in this direction starts from Langevin equations with solutions comprising a spectrum of relaxation modes [1—4]. Special features are the incorporation of entropic forces (Rouse model, [6]) which relax uctuations of reduced entropy, and of hydrodynamic interactions (Zimm model, [7]) which couple segmental motions via long-range back ow elds in polymer solutions, and the inclusion of topological constraints or entanglements (reptation or tube model, [8—10]) which are mutually imposed within a dense ensemble of chains. Another approach, neglecting the details of the chemical structure and concentratingontheuniversalelementsofchainrelaxation,isbasedondynamic scalingconsiderations[4,11].Inparticularinpolymersolutions,thisapproach o?ers an elegant tool to specify the general trends of polymer dynamics, although it su?ers from the lack of a molecular interpretation. A real test of these theoretical approaches requires microscopic methods, which simultaneously give direct access to the space and time evolution of the segmental di?usion. Here, quasi-elastic scattering methods play a crucial role sincetheyallowthemeasurementofthecorrespondingcorrelationfunctions.In particular,thehigh-resolutionneutronspinecho(NSE)spectroscopy[12—15]is very suitable for such investigations since this method covers an appropriate range in time (0.005)t/ns)40) and space (r/nm [15). Furthermore, the possibilityoflabellingbyhydrogen-deuteriumexchangeallowstheobservation of single-chain behavior even in the melt.

fysicochemie --- Macromolecules --- reologie --- Polymers --- Neutron spin echoes. --- Rheology. --- Viscoelasticity. --- Polymères --- Echos de spins de neutrons --- Rhéologie --- Viscoélasticité --- Analysis. --- Analyse --- Neutron spin echoes --- Rheology --- Viscoelasticity --- Organic Chemistry --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Analysis --- Polymères --- Rhéologie --- Viscoélasticité --- Continuum mechanics --- Elasticity --- Viscosity --- Relaxation phenomena --- Colloids --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Plasticity --- Echoes, Neutron spin --- Spin echoes, Neutron --- Neutron resonance --- Polymers  . --- Condensed matter. --- Polymer Sciences. --- Condensed Matter Physics. --- Condensed materials --- Condensed media --- Condensed phase --- Materials, Condensed --- Media, Condensed --- Phase, Condensed --- Liquids --- Matter --- Solids --- Polymere --- Polymeride --- Polymers and polymerization

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Fracture mechanics --- Materials --- Fracture mechanics. --- Engineering --- Engineering materials --- Industrial materials --- Engineering design --- Manufacturing processes --- Failure of solids --- Fracture of materials --- Fracture of solids --- Mechanics, Fracture --- Solids --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Strength of materials --- Brittleness --- Penetration mechanics --- Structural failures --- Fatigue of materials --- Strains and stresses --- Vibration --- Fatigue --- Fatigue. --- Fracture --- Dynamic testing --- Testing --- fracture --- materials mechanical behaviour --- structures Integrity --- Engineering sciences. Technology --- Building design --- Civil Engineering --- structures integrity --- damaging micromechanisms --- fatigue --- notch

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Dislocations are lines of irregularity in the structure of a solid analogous to the bumps in a badly laid carpet. Like these bumps, they can be easily moved, and they provide the most important mechanism by which the solid can be deformed. They also have a strong influence on crystal growth and on the electronic properties of semiconductors.

Cristall chemistry --- fysicochemie --- Dislocations in crystals --- Solid state physics --- Dislocations dans les cristaux --- Physique de l'état solide --- Dislocations in crystals. --- Solid state physics. --- #KVIV --- Physique de l'état solide --- Collected works --- Vaste lichamen. Fysica. (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Dislocations dans les cristaux. (Mélanges) --- Solides. Physique. (Mélanges) --- Dislocaties in kristallen. (Versch. onderwerpen) --- Dislocations in crystals. Solid state physics. --- Chemical & Materials Engineering --- Materials Science --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Strengthening mechanisms in solids. --- Materials --- Solids --- Strength of materials --- Crystals, Dislocations in --- Dislocation theory --- Dislocations (Crystals) --- Crystallography --- Crystals --- Deformations (Mechanics) --- Grain boundaries --- Plasticity --- Twinning (Crystallography) --- Strengthening mechanisms --- Crystal chemistry --- Frottement --- Usure (mécanique) --- Dislocations --- Etat solide